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    英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的整體模式

 

  英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的文章一般包括一個(gè)開(kāi)頭段、若干擴(kuò)展段和一個(gè)結(jié)尾段。開(kāi)頭段和結(jié)尾段一般比擴(kuò)展段短。各種段落的作用、特點(diǎn)和寫(xiě)作方法如下所示。

 

  1.開(kāi)頭段

 

  開(kāi)頭段一定要語(yǔ)言精練,并且直接切入主題。開(kāi)頭段一般不對(duì)主題進(jìn)行深入的探討,具體的論證或敘述應(yīng)該在擴(kuò)展段進(jìn)行。一般在開(kāi)頭段寫(xiě)四、五句即可。考生應(yīng)注意以下若干要點(diǎn):

 

  1)開(kāi)頭段的作用 

 

  概括陳述主題,提出觀點(diǎn)或論點(diǎn),表明寫(xiě)作意圖。

 

  2)寫(xiě)開(kāi)頭段時(shí)考生應(yīng)該避免的若干問(wèn)題

 

  ①開(kāi)頭偏離主題太遠(yuǎn); 

 

  ②使用抱歉或埋怨之詞句; 

 

  ③內(nèi)容不具體,言之無(wú)物; 

 

  ④使用不言自明的陳述。

 

  3)開(kāi)頭段的表達(dá)方法 

 

  ①使用引語(yǔ)(use a quotation) 使用一段名人名言,或人們常用的諺語(yǔ)、習(xí)語(yǔ),以確定文章的寫(xiě)作范圍和方向。

 

  例:“Great minds must be ready not only to take the opportunity, but to make them.Colton, a great writer once remarked. But it still has a profound significance now. To a person, in whose lifetime opportunities are not many, to make opportunities is more essential to his success.

 

  ②使用具體詳實(shí)的數(shù)字或數(shù)據(jù)(use figures or statistics) 引用一些具體詳實(shí)的數(shù)字或數(shù)據(jù),然后作出概括*分析,指明問(wèn)題的癥結(jié)所在。

 

  例:In the past 5 years there has been a marked decline in the number of young married couples who want to have children, coupled with a growing trend toward delayed childbearing. According to official statistics, in 2003, about 28 percent of married couples with wives under 35 gave no birth to children, compared with the 1993 level of 8 percent.

 

  ③提出問(wèn)題(ask a question) 提出有爭(zhēng)議或探討*的具體問(wèn)題,然后加以簡(jiǎn)要回答或展開(kāi)引導(dǎo)*簡(jiǎn)短討論。

 

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